What is the function of the V-groove on the valve plate?
Posted on 19/06/2025
The V-shaped groove on the valve plate (also known as the distribution plate or port plate) of a plunger pump plays a critical role in the pump's hydraulic system Below are the key functions of the V-shaped groove:
1. Control of Oil Inlet and Outlet:
- The V-shaped groove, with its unique geometry (typically V-shaped or with an arc transition), works in conjunction with the rotation of the cylinder block and the reciprocating motion of the plungers. It guides hydraulic oil from the low-pressure side into the high-pressure chamber of the plunger cylinder and directs the high-pressure oil to the output side, enabling periodic suction and discharge cycles.
2. Distribution Function:
- The opening and closing timing of the V-shaped groove aligns with the top dead center (TDC) and bottom dead center (BDC) of the plungers, precisely controlling the suction and discharge processes for each plunger. The gradual V-shape ensures smooth oil flow transitions.
3. Reduction of Leakage:
- The V-shaped groove is designed to fit tightly with the cylinder block surface. Through precise machining and smooth groove walls, it minimizes leakage between the high-pressure and low-pressure sides, optimizing sealing performance.
4. Damping and Vibration Reduction:
- The gradual shape of the V-shaped groove helps absorb the impact generated by plunger movement, reducing vibration and noise, and extending the service life of the valve plate and related components (e.g., plungers and cylinder block).
5. Flow Regulation (in Variable Displacement Pumps):
- In variable displacement plunger pumps, the V-shaped groove can work with the swashplate or servo control system. By adjusting the distribution angle or the groove's opening size, it dynamically regulates the pump's displacement and output flow.
